Like the tree ring, the deposition of sediments in the the sea is marked by layers according to the seasons. Rainfall is the main ingredient in eroding and bringing down the sediments from upstream rivers into the sea. As seasons change, so do the particle sizes and thickness. During the dry season, a very thin lenses of dying matter or salt coats the surface before the next raining season brings down more sediments. Here it is, after subjecting to heat and pressure, layered Shale formed.
In the deep ocean, such layered characteristics of deposition of sediments is used by palaeontologists to study ancient temperature variation, carbon dioxide content and many others.
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